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Research

The FDA and Compounding Pharmacies: What the 2025–2026 Rulings Mean for Patients

The FDA's resolution of the semaglutide shortage and subsequent regulatory actions changed the compounding landscape for GLP-1s, peptides, and hormone preparations. Here's a clear-eyed breakdown of what changed and what it means.

The compounding pharmacy landscape has changed significantly over 2025–2026, and patients navigating these changes deserve a clear, honest explanation of what happened, what it means, and how it affects their access to compounded medications. This is not legal advice — regulatory situations evolve, and consulting with your physician about current compliance is essential — but this is a factual breakdown of the key developments.

The Semaglutide Shortage Resolution

From 2022 through early 2025, semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) was on the FDA's official drug shortage list. Under federal law (specifically 21 USC 503A and 503B), compounding pharmacies are permitted to compound copies of shortage drugs even when those drugs are commercially available — because the shortage justifies the need for compounded versions. During this period, compounded semaglutide was widely available, broadly prescribed, and largely tolerated by the FDA.

In February 2025, the FDA formally removed semaglutide base from the drug shortage list. This removed the legal basis for 503B outsourcing facilities to compound semaglutide without specific physician prescription for an individual patient. 503A retail pharmacies — which compound for specific identified patients — retain some ability to compound drugs not on the shortage list under physician prescription, subject to ongoing FDA interpretation.

The Aftermath: Legal Actions and Continued Uncertainty

Multiple telehealth companies challenged the FDA's shortage determination, arguing that supply had not actually normalized. These legal challenges created ongoing uncertainty about the regulatory status of compounded semaglutide throughout 2025. Some compounding pharmacies continued operations citing the legal uncertainty; others ceased compounding. The FDA issued warning letters to multiple outsourcing facilities.

Current status (as of early 2026)
503B outsourcing facilities cannot compound essentially equivalent semaglutide. 503A pharmacies may compound semaglutide for specific patients under physician prescription in some circumstances — this remains subject to FDA interpretation and state pharmacy board oversight. Tirzepatide remains on the shortage list as of this writing and is therefore still available through compounding channels under the shortage exemption.

Peptides: A Separate but Related Issue

FDA actions against research peptides preceded the GLP-1 regulatory changes. In 2022–2023, the FDA released a list of peptides that it considers to be "bulk drug substances" that may not be compounded under 503A or 503B. This list included several popular peptides, though BPC-157 and TB-4 exist in a regulatory gray area that varies by state and compounding pharmacy interpretation.

The practical implication: access to research peptides through US compounding pharmacies has narrowed, and patients should ensure their physician is sourcing from facilities that have undergone appropriate regulatory review. The quality control consideration has become even more important as some lower-quality sourcing has entered the market.

Hormone Preparations: Largely Unaffected

Compounded bioidentical hormone preparations — estradiol, progesterone, testosterone in customized doses and delivery forms — are not meaningfully affected by the GLP-1 and peptide regulatory actions. 503A pharmacies continue to compound these preparations under physician prescription for patients requiring doses or delivery forms not commercially available. This is a well-established, legally clear practice that the current FDA regulatory activity has not targeted.

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